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Comparative Analysis of Pipe Specifications: ASTM, EN, and BS Standards

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The article shows a comparison between the American ASTM/ANSI specifications for steel pipes and the corresponding Europen specifications (equivalent grades) in terms of matching tables. 

KEY PIPE SPECS (US/EU/UK)

AMERICAN PIPES SPECIFICATIONS 

American standards for steel pipes provide a comprehensive framework to ensure the quality, safety, and performance of materials used in various industries. These specifications, primarily developed by ASTM International and the American Petroleum Institute (API), are organized into categories based on the type of steel: carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, duplex and super duplex steel, nickel alloys, and non-ferrous materials. Here’s a summary of key American specifications for each category:

Carbon Steel Pipes

  • ASTM A53/A53M: Seamless and welded black and hot-dipped galvanized steel pipe.
  • ASTM A106/A106M: Seamless carbon steel pipe for high-temperature service.
  • ASTM A333/A333M: Seamless and welded steel pipe for low-temperature service.
  • API 5L: Line pipe for pipeline transportation systems in the petroleum and natural gas industries.

Alloy Steel Pipes

  • ASTM A335/A335M: Seamless ferritic alloy-steel pipe for high-temperature service.
  • ASTM A691/A691M: Carbon and alloy steel pipe, electric-fusion-welded for high-pressure service at high temperatures.

Stainless Steel Pipes

  • ASTM A312/A312M: Seamless, welded, and heavily cold-worked austenitic stainless steel pipes.
  • ASTM A358/A358M: Electric-fusion-welded austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel pipe for high-temperature service.

Duplex and Super Duplex Steel Pipes

  • ASTM A790/A790M: Seamless and welded ferritic/austenitic stainless steel pipe.
  • ASTM A928/A928M: Ferritic/austenitic (duplex) stainless steel pipe electric fusion welded with the addition of filler metal.

Nickel Alloys

  • ASTM B161: Nickel seamless pipe and tube.
  • ASTM B622: Seamless nickel and nickel-cobalt alloy pipe and tube.
  • ASTM B444: Nickel-chromium-molybdenum-columbium alloys (UNS N06625 and UNS N06852) and nickel-chromium-molybdenum-silicon alloy (UNS N06219) pipe and tube.

Non-Ferrous Pipes

Non-ferrous specifications often pertain to materials like copper, aluminum, and titanium, each with their standards for piping applications, though they are less commonly grouped under a single category like steel pipes. For these materials, standards are specified based on the individual material type and application.

For example:

  • ASTM B88: Seamless copper water tube.
  • ASTM B241/B241M: Aluminum and aluminum-alloy seamless pipe and seamless extruded tube for general-purpose applications.

EUROPEAN PIPES SPECIFICATIONS 

European specifications for steel pipes are essential for ensuring the quality, safety, and performance of piping materials across various industries within Europe. These standards are primarily developed by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and come under the EN (European Norm) designation. Here’s a summary of key European specifications for steel pipes, categorized by material type:

Carbon Steel Pipes

  • EN 10216-1: Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes – Technical delivery conditions – Part 1: Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties. This standard covers non-alloy steel seamless tubes for pressure purposes.
  • EN 10217-1: Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes – Technical delivery conditions – Part 1: Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties. It applies to welded non-alloy steel tubes for pressure purposes.

Alloy Steel Pipes

  • EN 10216-2: Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes – Technical delivery conditions – Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties. This specifies requirements for seamless tubes made from both non-alloy and alloy steels.
  • EN 10217-2: Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes – Technical delivery conditions – Part 2: Electric welded non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties. Focuses on welded tubes for pressure purposes made from non-alloy and alloy steels.

Stainless Steel Pipes

  • EN 10216-5: Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes – Technical delivery conditions – Part 5: Stainless steel tubes. This part specifies the requirements for seamless stainless steel tubes for pressure purposes.
  • EN 10217-7: Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes – Technical delivery conditions – Part 7: Stainless steel tubes. It covers welded stainless steel tubes for pressure purposes.

Duplex and Super Duplex Steel Pipes

Duplex and super duplex steel pipes are covered under the stainless steel categories, but specific grades and specifications ensure these materials’ unique properties are recognized, such as:
– EN 1.4462: Part of the EN 10088 series, it refers to duplex (austenitic-ferritic) stainless steel, offering a good combination of corrosion resistance and strength.

Nickel Alloys

Nickel alloys are covered under various EN specifications that address the unique properties required for specific applications, including high temperature and corrosion resistance. However, specific EN standards for nickel alloy pipes are less commonly cited in a generic list, as they tend to be material-specific.

Non-Ferrous

Non-ferrous metals, such as copper, aluminum, and titanium, have their own set of EN standards, similar to the approach in American specifications. Examples include:

  • EN 1057: Copper and copper alloys – Seamless, round copper tubes for water and gas in sanitary and heating applications.
  • EN 754: Aluminium and aluminum alloys – Cold drawn rod/bar and tube. This series of standards covers cold-drawn rods/bars and tubes made from aluminum and aluminum alloys for general applications.

These European specifications ensure that materials selected for various applications, from plumbing and heating to high-pressure and high-temperature environments, meet stringent quality and safety standards. By adhering to these standards, industries can achieve high levels of reliability and performance in their projects and products.

BRITISH PIPES SPECIFICATIONS 

British standards for steel pipes, like those from American and European institutions, play a critical role in defining the quality, safety, and performance of materials used across various industries. The British Standards Institution (BSI) develops these standards. Although many British standards have been superseded by or aligned with European Norms (EN) standards, some key BS specifications are still in use or referenced for clarity and historical context. Here’s a summary of key British specifications for steel pipes, categorized by material type:

Carbon Steel Pipes

  • BS 1387: Specification for screwed and socketed steel tubes and tubular and plain-end steel tubes suitable for welding or for screwing to BS 21 pipe threads. This standard is commonly used for gas and water transmission.
  • BS EN 10255: Non-alloy steel tubes suitable for welding and threading. This is the updated version of BS 1387, under the EN standardization, yet still widely referenced as a British standard.

Alloy Steel Pipes

  • BS EN 10216-2: Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes – Technical delivery conditions – Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties. This has superseded older British standards and specifies the requirements for alloy steel tubes.
  • BS EN 10253-2: Butt-welding pipe fittings – Part 2: Non alloy and ferritic alloy steels with specific inspection requirements. This covers alloy steel pipe fittings.

Stainless Steel Pipes

  • BS EN 10216-5: Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes – Technical delivery conditions – Part 5: Stainless steel tubes. This standard, part of the EN system, covers stainless steel tubes in the UK context.
  • BS EN 10217-7: Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes – Technical delivery conditions – Part 7: Stainless steel tubes. This specifies requirements for welded stainless steel pipes.

Duplex and Super Duplex Steel Pipes

British standards for duplex and super duplex steels are generally harmonized with European standards, as specific British standards (BS) for these materials are not prevalent. The most relevant standards are part of the EN series, such as:
EN 10216-5 and EN 10217-7, for seamless and welded duplex stainless steel pipes, respectively.

Nickel Alloys

Nickel alloy pipes in the UK are also covered under the EN series, reflecting the broader European integration of standards. Specific nickel alloy standards include:

  • BS EN 10216-5: This also covers seamless tubes made from nickel alloys, aside from stainless steel.
  • BS EN 10095: Heat-resisting steels and nickel alloys, which include specifications relevant to nickel alloy pipes for high-temperature applications.

Non-Ferrous

For non-ferrous pipes (copper, aluminum, titanium, etc.), British standards for pipes include:

  • BS EN 1057: Copper and copper alloys – Seamless, round copper tubes for water and gas in sanitary and heating applications. This is critical for plumbing and heating applications involving copper.
  • BS EN 754: Aluminium and aluminum alloys – Cold drawn rod/bar and tube. Specifies for aluminum materials, including pipes.

As with many national standards, the trend in the UK has been towards harmonization with international standards, particularly those set by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). This ensures compatibility and quality across borders, crucial in a globally interconnected market. However, the legacy and specific applications of some British standards still hold value and recognition in various engineering and construction fields.

CANADIAN PIPES SPECIFICATIONS

Canadian standards for steel pipes play a pivotal role in ensuring the quality, safety, and performance of materials across various sectors, including oil and gas, construction, and industrial manufacturing. In Canada, standards are developed by the Canadian Standards Association (CSA), among other bodies, to address the specific needs of the Canadian industry and climate. Here’s an overview of the key Canadian specifications for steel pipes, categorized by material type:

Carbon Steel Pipes

CSA Z245.1: Steel Pipe. This standard covers seamless and welded steel pipe for use in pipeline transportation systems for the petroleum and natural gas industries. It is designed to meet the harsh climatic and operational conditions of Canada.

Alloy Steel Pipes

While specific Canadian standards for alloy steel pipes are integrated within broader specifications that also cover carbon steel, the CSA Z245.1 standard is pertinent as it includes provisions for high-strength, low-alloy steel pipes used in the oil and gas industry.

Stainless Steel Pipes

Canadian standards for stainless steel pipes are often aligned with international and American standards (such as ASTM standards) due to the global nature of the stainless steel market and manufacturing practices. However, specific applications, such as those in the food industry or water treatment, may reference:
CSA B51: Boiler, Pressure Vessel, and Pressure Piping Code. Although not exclusively for stainless steel pipes, this code includes requirements for materials used in boilers, pressure vessels, and pressure piping systems, encompassing stainless steel pipes.

Duplex and Super Duplex Steel Pipes

Specific Canadian standards for duplex and super duplex steel pipes are typically guided by ASTM or EN standards, due to the specialized nature of these materials and their global manufacturing standards. Projects in Canada requiring these materials would reference relevant ASTM or EN standards for specifications.

Nickel Alloys

Nickel alloy pipes in Canada, especially for use in harsh environments such as those found in the oil sands or in Arctic conditions, adhere to internationally recognized standards, including ASTM and ASME specifications, given the niche application and global production of these materials:
ASTM B161 and ASTM B444 are examples of such standards widely accepted in Canadian projects for nickel and nickel alloy pipes.

Non-Ferrous

For non-ferrous pipes (e.g., copper, aluminum), Canadian standards include:
CSA B88: Seamless Copper Water Tubes. Widely used in plumbing, heating, and cooling applications, this standard specifies the requirements for seamless copper water tubes in Canada.

Canadian standards are designed to ensure materials and products meet the specific needs and challenges of the Canadian environment, incorporating international standards where appropriate to maintain compatibility and quality across global markets. While some Canadian specifications are unique to the country’s industries, many standards reflect a harmonization with international norms to facilitate trade and ensure the highest level of safety and performance.

PIPS SPECS MATCHING TABLES

CARBON STEEL PIPES

In the table below, we summarize the key American and European specifications for carbon steel pipes, stainless steel pipes, and nickel-alloy pipes (mentioning the main material grades covered by each specification):

ApplicationPipe SpecificationsMaterial Grades
High-temperature Carbon SteelEuropean union - Free flags icons
EN 10225
S355G15, S460G6
United kingdom - Free flags icons 
BS 7191
355EM
United states - Free flags icons
API 5L
Grade B, X42, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80, X100
United states - Free flags icons 
ASTM A519
SAE 4130, 4140
United states - Free flags icons
ASTM/ASME A/SA53
Grade A, B
United states - Free flags icons 
ASTM A252
Grade 2, 3
Line PipeCanada - Free flags icons 
CSA Z245.1
359, 414, 448, 483
United states - Free flags icons
ASTM/ASME A/SA53
Grade A, B
United states - Free flags icons 
ASTM/ASME A/SA106
Grade B, C
United states - Free flags icons 
ASTM A252
Class 2, 3
European union - Free flags icons 
EN 10216-2 Seamless
P235GH (1.0345) / P265 GH (1.0425)
European union - Free flags icons
EN 10217-5 Welded
P235GH (1.0345)  / P265GH (1.0425)
Low temperatureUnited states - Free flags icons 
ASTM/ASME A/SA333
P215NL (1.0451)
European union - Free flags icons
EN 10216-3
P355N (1.0562)
P355NH (1.0565)
P355NL1 (1.0566)
P275NL1 (1.0488)
P275NL2 (1.1104)
L290NB (1.0484)
L360NB (1.0582)
United states - Free flags icons 
ASTM/ASME A/SA 671/672
Grades 60, 65, 70

ALLOY STEEL PIPES

ApplicationPipe SpecificationsMaterial Grades
Alloy Steel Pipe (High Pressure/Temperature)United states - Free flags icons
ASTM/ASME A/SA 335
P1, P5, P9, P11, P22, P91, P92
United states - Free flags icons 
ASTM/ASME A/SA 691
1-1/4CR, 2-1/4CR, 5CR, 9CR, 91
European union - Free flags icons
EN 10216-2 Seamless
16Mo3 (1.5415)
13CrMo4-5 (1.7335)
10CrMo9-10 (1.7380)
11CrMo9-11 (1.7383)
X10CrMoVnb9-1 (1.4903)
X10CrWMoVnb9-2 (1.4901)
WB36 – 15NiCuMoNb5-6-4 (1.6368)
10CrMo5-5 (1.7338)14MoV6-3 (1.7715)
European union - Free flags icons 
EN 10217-5 Welded
16Mo3 (1.5415)
13CrMo4-5 (1.7335)
10CrMo9-10 (1.7380)
11CrMo9-11 (1.7383)
X10CrMoVnb9-1 (1.4903)
X10CrWMoVnb9-2 (1.4901)
WB36 – 15NiCuMoNb5-6-4 (1.6368)
10CrMo5-5 (1.7338)14MoV6-3 (1.7715)

STAINLESS STEEL PIPES

Pipe Specifications

United states - Free flags icons

ASTM Grade

United states - Free flags icons

UNS Equivalent

European union - Free flags icons

EN Equivalent

Germany - Free flags iconsWerkstoff Equivalent

US: ASTM A312/358

EU: EN 10216-2 Seamless

EU: EN 10217-5 Welded

304S30400X5CrNi18-101.4301
304LS30403X2CrNi19-111.4306
304HS30409X6CrNi18-111.4948
310S31000X15CrNiSi25-211.4841
310SS31008X8CrNi25-211.4845
316S31600X5CrNiMo17-12-21.4401
316LS31603X2CrNiMo17-2-21.4404
316TiS31635X6CrNiMoTi17-12-21.4571
321S32100X6CrNiTi18-101.4541
321HS32109X8CrNiTi18-101.4878
347S34700X6CrNiNb18-101.455
347HS34709X8CrNiNb16-131.4961
6MoS31254X1CrNiMoCuN25-20-71.4529
904LN08904X1NiCrMoCu25-20-51.4539

US: ASTM A790/A928

EU: EN 10216-2 Seamless

EU: EN 10217-5 Welded

DuplexS31260X2CrNiMoN25-7-41.441
DuplexS32900X3CrNiMoN27-5-21.446
DuplexS31803 / S32205X2CrNiMoN22-5-31.4462
Super duplexS32760X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-41.4501
Super duplexS32750 / S32550X2CrNiMoCuN25-6-31.4507

NICKEL ALLOY PIPES

Alloy

United states - Free flags icons

ASTM Pipe Specifications
(Seamless)

United states - Free flags icons

ASTM Pipe Specifications
(Welded)

United states - Free flags iconsUNSEuropean union - Free flags iconsDIN EquivalentGermany - Free flags iconsWerkstoff Equivalent
Alloy 20B729B464N080202.466
Nickel 200B161B622N022002.4060/2.4066
Nickel 201B161B622N022012.4061/2.4068
Monel 400B165B725N044002.436
Inconel 600B167B517N066002.4816
Inconel 625B444B705N066252.4856
Incoloy 800H/800HTB407B514N088111.4959
Incoloy 825B423N/AN088252.4858
Hastelloy C276B622B619N102762.4819
B619B619N10675NiMo29Cr2.46
B622B619N06022NiCr21Mo14W2.4602
B622B619N06455NiMo16Cr16Ti2.461
B622B619N10276NiMo16Cr15W2.4819
B622B619N06200NiCr23Mo16Cu2.4675
B622B619N06030NiCr30FeMo2.4603
B622B619N06035NiCr33Mo82.4643
B622B619N10362NiMo22Cr152.4708

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About the Author

Johnathan Maxwell

Johnathan Maxwell

Jonathan Maxwell, with his quarter-century tenure, has become a cornerstone in the oil and gas industry, with a laser focus on the intricacies of piping system design and analysis. He embarked on this career path after graduating with a Mechanical Engineering degree from a prestigious U.S. institution, landing his initial role at a leading oil and gas firm based in Texas. His relentless commitment and deep understanding of material science and fluid dynamics have seen him rise through the ranks, with a particular passion for pipes and tubes in oil and gas applications anchoring his journey.As a revered Senior Piping Systems Analyst, Jonathan has helmed numerous international projects, in the US, in Africa, North Europe, and Australia, crafting and executing sophisticated piping strategies in both onshore and offshore settings. His proficiency in selecting appropriate pipe materials, conducting thorough stress analyses, and honing system optimization has markedly pushed forward the boundaries of pipeline technology.Jonathan's influence extends beyond practical applications; he has been pivotal in shaping industry standards, participating actively in several technical committees and working groups aimed at fortifying safety and enhancing system performance. His published works and studies are highly regarded, positioning him as a prominent figure at conferences and seminars worldwide.His legacy, however, is not only in his technical prowess but also in his role as a mentor. Jonathan has nurtured a new cadre of engineers, imparting the principles of best practice and innovation in piping system design. His dedication to spreading knowledge reached a milestone with the publication of "Fluid Flow Dynamics," now deemed critical literature in the sector.In his ongoing consultancy role, Jonathan contributes to prominent oil and gas projects, ensuring a synergy between operational efficiency, ecological stewardship, and safety. His rich industry insight and forward-thinking approach render him an invaluable asset to both seasoned experts and emerging talents.Jonathan's collaboration with Projectmaterials.com has been instrumental. His expertise has shaped the discourse on piping topics, contributing directly to the content creation and refinement of all related articles. His editorial guidance ensures that the information disseminated is both accurate and of the highest caliber.

Should you wish to reach out to the author of this article, we invite you to contact us via email.

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