The EN 10220 and EN 1127 specifications cover the dimensions and tolerances of European pipes, carbon/alloy steel, and stainless steel respectively. While EN 10220 and 1127 are used in Europe, ASME B36.10 and ASME B36.19 cover the dimensions and tolerances of American standard pipes. EN 10220 PIPE SPECIFICATION The EN 10220 specification covers the dimensions and… read more »
“Pipe length” is the distance (in meters or feet) between the two ends of the tubular: single and double random lengths are the common measures (5-7 or 11-13 meters). “Pipe end” indicates the type of finish of the pipe extremities (plain, beveled or threaded). PIPE LENGTH The terms used to designate the length of steel… read more »
The ASME B16.34 specification covers pressure and temperature ratings for forgings, castings, plate, bar, and tubular products. The ASME B16.34 charts show the max allowed pressure for a material depending on the product rating and the process temperature (the higher the temperature, the lower the pressure at a given rating). GROUP 1: CARBON AND ALLOY… read more »
Incoterms 2010 (FCA, DAP, EX WORKS, CIF, FOB, CFR, DAT, etc.) define, in a purchase contract, the responsibilities of the buyer and the supplier in the transaction: transfer of ownership of the goods, payment of transportation costs and insurance, loading and unloading risks. Incoterms have been issued by the International Chamber of Commerce in 2010… read more »
An overview of the common documents in the export/import business, divided by type: financial (invoices, insurance policy), transportation (B/L, AWL, CMR), quality assurance (inspection reports) documents. Exporters shall be familiar with the documents that have to prepared to export the goods to a foreign location. In this article, we review the most common ones and their… read more »
A recurring question is “what is the basic difference between pipe and tube”? The short answer is: A PIPE is a round tubular to distribute fluids and gases, designated by a nominal pipe size (NPS or DN) that represents a rough indication of the pipe conveyance capacity; a TUBE is a round, rectangular, squared or… read more »
Color codes are, in some cases, applied on pipes and other piping materials (such as pipe fittings, flanges, and valves) to facilitate the identification, in the storage warehouse or on the field during project execution, of components manufactured in different materials. PFI ES-22 SPECIFICATION FOR PIPE COLOR CODING The table shows the pipe color coding… read more »
The engineering dictionary collects the most used terms, abbreviations, and definitions used in technical and commercial documentation related to project plant construction, materials and project management. A AGA American Gas Association AISI: American Iron & Steel Institute ANSI: American National Standards Institute — Formerly ASA API American Petroleum Institute ASA: American Standard Institute — Now known as ANSI… read more »
Goods can be shipped on wooden, plastic or metallic pallets or containers (20, 40 feet, side or top entry). The article reviews gross and net weights, types and carrying capacity of pallets and containers CONTAINERS 20′ STANDARD CONTAINER INSIDE LENGTH: 5.895 m INSIDE WIDTH: 2.350 m INSIDE HEIGHT: 2.392 m DOOR WIDTH: 2.340 m DOOR HEIGHT: 2.292 m CAPACITY: 33 m3… read more »
The most common payment terms for contracts are “open account” (the seller delivers without any guarantee, and expects the payment at a later stage), “documentary collections” (the exchange of the documents representative of the goods and the payment are managed via banks), “letters of credit”, “cash in advance”. CASH IN ADVANCE (CA) Cash in advance… read more »
Purchase contracts may be filled with risks. In this article, we provide a useful checklist to make sure all major contract risk areas are identified and mitigated with proper actions. Contract risks may come from purchase orders and the attached (or referenced) General Terms and Conditions of Purchase. A useful read for suppliers dealing with… read more »
In this article, we list the 5 basic ways to finance export sales: factoring, credit forfaiting, banker’s acceptance, EXIM banks. FACTORING Factoring is used by exporters to discount sales invoices and cash in the credit before the due date. With such transaction, the seller/exporter sells the credit to a specialized financial intermediary (generally, a bank or… read more »
CE marking means “Conformité Européenne” and consists in a logo with the two letters “C” and “E”. A manufacturer stamps a CE logo on its products to confirm that they comply with the applicable EU safety regulations (protection of human life and of the environment). CE marks may be double-checked by a third party or… read more »
What is a request for quote (RFQ)? And what is the difference between RFQ vs. RFP (request for proposal) and RFI (request for information)? In this article, we explain these terms, which refer to documents issued in different stages of the procurement process in plant project business. RFQ MEANING The term RFQ stands for “request… read more »
A fillet weld is defined, by the American Welding Society (AWS), as “A weld of approximately triangular cross section joining two surfaces approximately at right angles to each other in a lap joint, T-joint, or corner joint.” This type of welding technique is used to connect socket weld fittings or slip on flanges to pipes…. read more »
